SamVIWilson个人资料

Nanophysics Theory, Technology, ApplicationsPengfei Yu兰州大学物理学隆基班2006级
Abstract 以下内容为本人的期末考试作论业文，因作业已经交上，这类论又文发表不了，不想把它浪费了，在放这里，如果有引用，请无比说转明载地址，并附上引文。In this paper, we have a review on nanophysics, we start from a brief review of the origins of nanophysics, then we discuss the theory of nanophysics, after that, we have a overview of current research of nanophysics. In the following section, we talk about the tools and techniques used in today’s nanophysics, we also point out their advantages and disadvantages. A list of nanotephysics applications is given in detail, the MEMS has been paid much attention. Implications of nanophysics are mentioned in the penultimate section.
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I. INTRODUCTION Nanophysics is the study of the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally
nanophysics deals with structures of the size 100 nanometers or smaller, and involves
developing materials or devices within that size. Nanophysics is very diverse, ranging from
novel extensions of conventional device physics, to completely new approaches based upon
molecular self-assembly, to developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale, even
to speculation on whether we can directly control matter on the atomic scale.[1, 2]
For years, people make their every effort to study it and gain much. Many methods have
been developed,which is discussed in the following sections.
Basically, the law which the nano-systems follow is the same as the much bigger ones,
but sue to the small size, the nano-system show features much different to normal ones.
Due to that,many useful properties can be gain from the nano-systems. There has been
much debate on the future of implications of nanophysics. Nanophysics has the potential to
create many new materials and devices with wide-ranging applications, such as in medicine,
electronics, and energy production. On the other hand, nanophysics raises many of the same
issues as with any introduction of new technology, including concerns about the toxicity and
environmental impact of nanomaterials [3], and their potential effects on global economics, as
well as speculation about various doomsday scenarios. These concerns have led to a debate
among advocacy groups and governments on whether special regulation of nanophysics is
warranted.[1]
II. ORIGINS The first use of the concepts in ’nano-technology’ was in :There’s Plenty of Room at the
Bottom, a talk given by physicist Richard Feynman. Feynman described a process by which
the ability to manipulate individual atoms and molecules might be developed, using one set
of precise tools to build and operate another proportionally smaller set, and so on down
to the needed scale. In the course of this, he noted, scaling issues would arise from the
changing magnitude of various physical phenomena: gravity would become less important,
surface tension and Van der Waals attraction would become more important, etc. This basic
idea appears plausible, and exponential assembly enhances it with parallelism to produce a
useful quantity of end products. The term ’Nanophysics’ was defined by Tokyo Science University
Professor Norio Taniguchi in a 1974 paper[4] as follows: ’Nano-technology’ mainly
consists of the processing of, separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one
atom or by one molecule.’ In the 1980s the basic idea of this definition was explored in
much more depth by Dr. K. Eric Drexler, who promoted the technological significance of
nano-scale phenomena and devices through speeches and the books Engines of Creation:
The Coming Era of Nanophysics (1986) and Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing,
and Computation,[5] and so the